
A portable fish finder uses active sonar to detect objects in a body of
water. Sonar is actually an acronym for “sound navigation and ranging,” a technique that uses underwater
sound propagation to navigate, communicate, or detect other vessels. With active sonar, the sonar unit emits
pulses of sounds and listens for echoes, and then makes computations from those echoes. This is distinguished
from passive sonar, where the unit is essentially just listening for the sound made by other vessels.
The portable fish finder sends an electrical impulse from
a transmitter, which is then converted into a sound wave by a transducer. The sound wave is sent into the
water, and when it strikes an object, it bounces off it and back to the transducer, where it is converted back into
an electrical signal. A receiver amplifies this signal and sends it to a display screen. With this
basic understanding, one can determine the most important factors in how to choose the best fish finder.
First of all, the power of the fish finder is generally considered the
most important factor. Higher powered fish finders create better imaging, and the more powerful fish finders
are also the most expensive. Power is also important in deeper water and salt water. Even in shallow
water, however, the more powerful the fish finder, the more accurate it will be.
The second most important factor is the depth rating of the fish
finder. This is directly related to the fish finder’s power and the strength of the transducer.
Manufacturers of fish finders always advertise the depth rating of the unit, but this is based on clear, fresh
water. Anglers fishing in murky water or salt water will find that their fish finder will not reach the depth
as advertised. Therefore, it is advisable to shop for a fish finder with a depth rating that is greater than
the anticipated need so the angler will still get high performance when conditions are not ideal.
The third most important feature in choosing a fish finder is the
transducer. Transducers usually come in either single frequency or dual frequency. Single frequency is
adequate for shallow water and lakes, while dual frequency transducers are appropriate for deep sea fishing.
Again, the more powerful transducers are generally found on the more expensive models of fish finders.
The other important factor in how to choose the best fish finder is the
display, both the size of the screen and its resolution. Generally, the smallest fish finders have screens of
about four inches, while they range up to seven inches and larger. A larger screen is often easier to see in
direct sunlight.
The screen resolution is often more important than the screen size,
however. Fish finders have quite a large range of choices for screen resolution, from bare bones grayscale to
in depth high definition color displays. Again, it is easier to see the higher quality resolution display
screens in bright sunlight. As expected, the higher resolution display screens are also found on the more
expensive models of fish finders.
Knowing a few of the basics of how a fish finder works and having an idea
where you intend to use it can help you decide how to choose the best fish finder.
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